Perbedaan Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD dan TAI Terhadap Kemampuan Operasi Hitung Pecahan Pada Siswa Kelas VI Sekolah Dasar

Abstract

The Difference in Effectiveness Between STAD and TAI Cooperative Learning Models on the Fractional Arithmetic Operation Skills of Sixth-Grade Elementary School Students. Universitas PGRI Yogyakarta, 2026.  This research is motivated by the low fractional arithmetic operation skills of elementary school students and the importance of selecting an appropriate learning model. The study aims to determine the difference in the effectiveness of the Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) and Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) cooperative learning models on students' fractional arithmetic operation skills.  This study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental design, specifically the Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The research population comprised nine sixth-grade classes from six elementary schools in the Kalinegoro area, Mertoyudan District, Magelang Regency, during the 2025/2026 academic year. The research sample consisted of two randomly selected elementary schools: SD Negeri Kalinegoro 2 as the experimental class (TAI) and SD Negeri Kalinegoro 6 as the control class (STAD). Data were collected using multiple-choice tests and checklists. Data analysis was conducted using test quality parameter tests, supplemented by normality and homogeneity tests, paired samples t-tests, and independent samples t-tests.  The results indicated that both learning models significantly improved students' skills. The STAD class experienced an improvement with a mean difference of 3.667 (t = 9.457; p < 0.001), whereas the TAI class demonstrated a higher improvement with a mean difference of 7.833 (t = 8.987; p < 0.001). The comparative test revealed that TAI was more effective than STAD with a mean difference of 4.167 (t = 5.315; p < 0.001).